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Gravesite in France offers evidence of steppe migrant integration with Late Neolithic Europeans
Admixture waves between migrating peoples from the steppes and Neolithic European farmers leading to the establishment of the present-day Pan-European genome and the development of new technologies and ideologies leading to the transition between the Neolithic (left) and the Bell Beaker phenomenon (right), the first pan-European culture. Credit: Collective burial BRE445 at Bréviandes les Pointes Inrap; Late Neolithic pottery C. Gaumat, musée Bargoin, Clermont Auvergne Métropole (France); "All over corded" beaker from Ciry-Salsogne (France) S. Oboukhoff, CNRS; Pressignian Dagger from Bricqueville-la-Blouette (France) Hervé Paitier, Inrap; Bell Beaker burial with shale wrist-guard at Saint-Martin-la-Garenne "les Bretelles" (France) Nicolas Girault (Service archéologique interdépartemental Yvelines/Hauts-de-Seine SAI 78-92); Bell Beaker Luis García (licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license).
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Admixture waves between migrating peoples from the steppes and Neolithic European farmers leading to the establishment of the present-day Pan-European genome and the development of new technologies and ideologies leading to the transition between the Neolithic (left) and the Bell Beaker phenomenon (right), the first pan-European culture. Credit: Collective burial BRE445 at Bréviandes les Pointes Inrap; Late Neolithic pottery C. Gaumat, musée Bargoin, Clermont Auvergne Métropole (France); "All over corded" beaker from Ciry-Salsogne (France) S. Oboukhoff, CNRS; Pressignian Dagger from Bricqueville-la-Blouette (France) Hervé Paitier, Inrap; Bell Beaker burial with shale wrist-guard at Saint-Martin-la-Garenne "les Bretelles" (France) Nicolas Girault (Service archéologique interdépartemental Yvelines/Hauts-de-Seine SAI 78-92); Bell Beaker Luis García (licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license).
A team of geneticists and archaeologists affiliated with multiple institutions in France has uncovered skeletons in an ancient gravesite not far from Paris that show evidence of steppe migrant integration with Late Neolithic Europeans. The study is published in the journal Science Advances.
Prior research has shown that there was a slow migration of herding people from what is now Russia and Ukraine to Europe thousands of years ago. During the migrations, many of the migrants (who were mostly male) produced children with the local farmers they encountered.
In this new study, the research team reports evidence of such reproduction in remains found in an open grave in the Champagne region of France. Skeletons in the grave showed evidence of a native European woman who had produced a child with a steppe migrant.
The shallow grave contained the skeletons of seven people, all dated back to approximately 4,500 years ago. The skeletons were from three grown women, a grown man, two children and an infant. Hoping to learn more about their ancestry, the research team sequenced their genomes, hoping to find relationships.
They were surprised to find that, in addition to being related, some of the people in the grave had comingled with steppe migrants. They found that one of the adult women was the mother of the adult man. The mother had no steppe genes, but her son did, showing that she had carried at least one child with a male steppe migrant.
A collective burial in the Paris Basin. (A) Map showing geographical locations of samples analyzed in this study. Schematic representation of the collective burial at Bréviandes. (B) Estimated age of death and uniparental haplogroup information of the Bréviandes individuals. (C) Pedigree plots showing kin relationships between the Bréviandes individuals. (D) Pedigree plots showing the genomic component of steppe-related and Late Neolithic ancestries between the Bréviandes individuals. Credit: Science Advances (2024). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2468
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A collective burial in the Paris Basin. (A) Map showing geographical locations of samples analyzed in this study. Schematic representation of the collective burial at Bréviandes. (B) Estimated age of death and uniparental haplogroup information of the Bréviandes individuals. (C) Pedigree plots showing kin relationships between the Bréviandes individuals. (D) Pedigree plots showing the genomic component of steppe-related and Late Neolithic ancestries between the Bréviandes individuals. Credit: Science Advances (2024). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2468
The researchers also found that one of the children was the grandson of that woman and son of her offspring—the child also carried genes from the same steppe migrant. Upon further analysis, the research team made an estimate of the steppe ancestry of the missing grandfather—he had approximately 70% steppe ancestry. None of the other people in the grave were related to any of their interred cohort.
The research team notes that their find was unique—an example of a steppe migrant having a child with a Late Neolithic European woman, representing the process of comingling in progress.
More information:
Oğuzhan Parasayan et al, Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome, Science Advances (2024). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2468